在两时期模型中。假定人们的偏好是想维持完全稳定的消费（即C1=C2)。政府比家庭的寿命要长，所以至第

在两时期模型中。假定人们的偏好是想维持完全稳定的消费(即C1=C2)。政府比家庭的寿命要长，所以至第二个时期末政府有一定量的债务留下(就是说，其跨时期预算约束条件为G1+G2／1+r=T1+T2／(1+r)+D2g／(1+r)).一国经济的结构如下：家庭生产为Q1=200，Q2=110；政府支出为G1=50。G2=110；税收为T1=40，T2=55；利率为r=10％。问： a．政府支出的现值是多少？政府税收的现值是多少？第二个时期末政府的债务值是多少(假定最初政府没有债务)？在每一个时期家庭将消费多少？ b．第一个时期和第二个时期总国民储蓄、私人储蓄和政府储蓄各是多少？ c．假定政府对税收加以修正，以使T1=50，T2=44，但是支出仍保持不变，那么，在新的情况下,税收的现值是否会有所改变？第二个时期末政府债务的值是多少？第一个时期和第二个时期总国民储蓄、私人储蓄和政府储蓄各是多少？你的答案对李嘉图等价学说作了什么样的说明？ d．如果新税收为T1=30，T2=40，那么，c的答案会有什么改变？ In the two—period model，suppose that people’S preferences are such that they want complete smoothing of consumption(that is，C1=C2)．The government has a larger horizon than households，so it has a certain amount of debt by the end of the second period(that is，its intertemporal budgetconstraint is G1+G2／1+r=T1+T2／(1+r)+D2g／(1+r))．The structure of this economy is thefollowing：household production is Q1=200，Q2=110；government spending is G1=50，G2=110；taxes are T1=40，T2=55；interest rate is r=10％． a．What is the present value of the government spending？What is the present value of taxes ？What is the value of the government’s debt at the end of the second period(assume that initially thegovernment had no debt)？How much would households consume in each period？ b．What are total national saving，private saving，and government saving in periods 1 and 2？ c．Assume that the government modifies taxes SO that T1=50 and T2=44 but leaves expendi tures unchanged．Did the present value of taxes change？What is the value of the government debt at the end of the second period？What is total national saving，private saving，and government saving in periods 1 and 2？ What does your answer tell you about Ricardian equivalence？ d．How would your answer to(C)change if the new taxes were T1=30 and T2=447