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3 Self-Powered Nanotech (10分)
Nanosize machines need still tinier power plants
By Zhong Lin Wang
The watchmaker in the 1920s who devised the self-winding wristwatch was on to a great idea: mechanically harvesting energy from the wearer’s moving arm and putting it to work rewinding the watch spring.
Today we are beginning to create extremely small energy harvesters that can supply electrical power to the tiny world of nanoscale devices, where things are measured in billionths of a meter. We call these power plants nanogenerators. The ability to make power on a minuscule scale allows us to think of implantable biosensors that can continuously monitor a patient’s blood glucose level, or autonomous strain sensors for structures such as bridges, or environmental sensors for detecting toxins — all running without the need for replacement batteries. Energy sources are desperately needed for nanorobotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), homeland security and even portable personal electronics. It is hard to imagine all the uses such infinitesimal generators may eventually find.
In Brief
★Nanotechnology has huge potential — but those minuscule devices will need a power source that is better than a battery.
★ Waste energy, in the form. of vibrations or even the human pulse, could provide sufficient power to run such tiny gadgets.
★ Arrays of piezoelectric nanowires could capture and transmit that waste energy to nanodevices.
★ Medical devices will likely be a major application. A pacemaker’s battery could be charged so it would not need replacing, or implanted wireless nanosensors could monitor blood glucose for diabetics.
(1)The World Bank was established toward the end of World War Ⅱ as a new international financial organization to provide long-term finance in the difficult postwar period which lay ahead.The Bank came into operation in June 1946 with a membership of 44 countries. (2)By April 1962 membership had risen to 75, and 15 other countries were applicants, most of which newly independent African nations.
The Bank's first group of loans were made in 1947 to aid postwar reconstruction in Western Europe. (3)The Bank then turned to lending, to assist the economic growth of the less developed countries of the world. These development loans now reach almost US $6000 million. (4)They have helped to lay the foundation of economic progress in many countries, particularly by assisting the development of electric power, transportation, industry and agriculture.
(5)All payments of interest and principal due from the Bank's borrowers have been received.
A NVOCC usually operates vessels to provide sea transportation.( )
We shall provide such insurance () your cost.
A、for
B、on
C、in
D、at
The teacher encouraged the students in class toprovidea solution to the problem.
Conference lines do not provide a scheduled service.( )
A.competitive
B.compete
C.competed
D.competition
A.正确
B.错误
