We are exporters of long-standing and high reputation, () exportation of following ar
We are exporters of long-standing and high reputation, () exportation of following articles.
A、engaged in
B、engaging in
C、engaged,on
D、engaing on
We are exporters of long-standing and high reputation, () exportation of following articles.
A、engaged in
B、engaging in
C、engaged,on
D、engaing on
Napoleon once called the British " a nation of shopkeepers" . That was intended as an insult , but had he called us a nation of traders it could not have been disputed. In Britain we buy and sell more per head of population than the people of any other country. Our island is too small to grow enough food for our people and so we need to eam enough from our exports to sustain our population.
One complication of export trade is that each country has its own independent currency system; and another is that many countries impose custom duties or other restrictions on imports.
The would-be exporter is faced with a number of problems. First there is the need to find a customer for his goods. The actual operation of selling is made more difficult because of language barriers and cultural differences. There are also additional transport problems because of the greater distances involved and often unfamiliar territories. When the manufacturer turns from selling at home to selling overseas, his problems are magnified. This is particularly true in terms of finance.
The first financial problem facing the exporter is the time taken to deliver his goods. There could be a long delay while his merchandise is in transit between London and, say, Karachi. He has incurred the costs of production, but when is he going to be paid? The second problem is even more serious. How sure can he be that he is going to be paid at all? And even when he receives payment his troubles may not be over. If he is paid for his goods in other currency other than sterling, and what if the other currency has fallen in value since the contract is made? These are the perennial problems for the exporter.
Fortunately for our exporters and for our economy generally, help is available both from the government and the banks. From the government side, the Export Credits Guarantee Department offers British exporters, in return for a fee, insurance against bad debts incurred as a result of sales to foreign buyers. The Export Intelligence Department also helps by providing them with useful advice and information. The most straightforward method of financing the operations for the exporter is to borrow the necessary funds from his bank. This way he can ship his goods abroad and draw on his bank for the funds needed to carry on production while he is awaiting the proceeds. But of course the borrowings from the bank will lower his p rofit margins.
Another method of financing international trade is by documentary credit. A document known as a bill of exchange is drawn by the importer in favor of the exporter and, although the bill of exchange is a very convenient method of payment for oversea trade, once again it serves to reduce the profit margin for the exporter.
Questions for reading :
A.version
B.murder
C.marge
D.margins
Consolidation can not only benefit exporters, shippers and forwarders but also benefit carriers.( )
OPEC to Increase Production
VIENNA (Reuters) OPEC oil exporters agreed to raise output limits on Tuesday but second largest producer Iran, fearing a slump in oil prices, opted out of the deal.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries said nine members, excluding Iran, would immediately turn up the taps to 1.45 million barrels daily, or seven percent, easing output curbs made a year ago.
The pact came after heavy pressure from OPEC's biggest customer the United States to ease the price of oil and avert a slowdown in economic growth in the West.
Saudi Oil Minister Ali al--Naimi said he hoped to see the price of North Sea Brent in the range of $20-$25 a barrel.
"This decision was made in the interests of producers and consumers in a prudent way. It will have a positive impact and moderate prices," he said.
Iran, outside the pact, said it would raise production in any case, though not by as much as under the quota it was offered.
Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh said he saw room for only one million barrels a day of extra oil. He said Tehran saw no shortage in the market.
"Our differences are on principles, and not only a few barrels," Zanganeh told reporters after the meeting had closed.
"OPEC is not a political organization," he added.
He had complained during the two-day OPEC meeting of "political pressure". OPEC delegates said that was an apparent reference to the United States which launched a diplomatic offensive to get OPEC to raise supplies and lower oil prices on the world market.
In Washington, President Clinton said of extra supply: "In the aggregate it could be sufficient to get production and consumption back in alignment," he said.
Analysts said they expected oil prices, already on the slide from recent highs, falling quickly into the $20-$25 range.
"This will mean extra supply and have a negative impact on oil prices," said Gary Rose of Petroleum Industry Research Associates.
"We're going to see a stock build in the second quarter. I would not be surprised to see Brent at $21-$22.”
Rose said: "The United States was pressing hard for a substantial increase and most in OPEC were in favor of a big increase." Iran has expressed its displeasure at this political.
Non-OPEC Mexico and Norway, having cooperated with OPEC in cutting exports when prices crashed, are shortly expected to announce their own increases.
1. () Iran will raise production at all, but less than it was offered under the quota.
2. () Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh said the market could absorb 1.45 million barrels of extra oil a day at present.
3. () President Clinton said the new agreement could bring production back to the same level as consumption.
4. () Industry analysts said that the extra oil could have a positive effect on the oil market.
5.() Non-OPEC oil producers such as Mexico and Norway have been competing fiercely with OPEC for world market over the years.
A.wont we
B.have we
C.haven’t we
D.don’t we
A.insist
B.persist